Abstract

Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels and Glymphatic System in Neurocysticercosis. A Systematic Review and Novel Hypotheses.

Background: Neurocysticercosis is an eradicable and preventable zoonotic parasitic neurological disease caused by the infection of the larva form of pig tapeworm Taenia solium, causing headaches and epileptic seizures most seen in developing countries worldwide. When the cysticercus is dying in the Central Nervous System (CNS), many pro-inflammatory elements are realized to participate in the immune response. The primary aid of this article is to look at how waste products from this process are removed from the CNS to the periphery through the Meningeal Lymphatic Vessel (MLV) and the Glymphatic System (GS) supported by aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and Corpora Amylacea (CA). To answer our research question, we conducted a systematic review of the medical literature (never done before) and delivered some hypotheses for each situation.

Method: We searched the medical literature comprehensively, looking for published Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms like "NCC and lymphatic CNS", "meningeal lymphatic vessels", "glymphatic system",; OR "NCC/MLS/GS"; OR "waste removal in NCC"; OR "MLS/GS/ Epilepsy;" OR "MLS/GS/neuroparasitology"; OR "Zoonosis and brain LS."

Results: From the total publication, 34 studies were peer-reviewed, and only one discusses issues related to epilepsy and MLV/GS. NCC/MLV/GS studies were reported within the selected review period.

Comments and concluding remarks: We propose a mechanism for clearance of waste metabolic products from cysticercus' destruction, immune response, apoptosis of the neurons, and supporting cells at the CNS in the different stages of NCC supported by MLV, GS, AQP4 and CA. As far as we know, this is the first review made on this topic reported to the medical literature.

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